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Chukchi 〔Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh〕 (Chukchee) is a Palaeosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. According to the Russian Census of 2002, about 7,700 of the 15,700 Chukchi people speak Chukchi; knowledge of the Chukchi language is decreasing, and most Chukchis now speak the Russian language (fewer than 500 report not speaking Russian at all). Chukchi is closely related to Koryak, which is spoken by about half as many as speak Chukchi. The language, together with Koryak, Kerek, Alutor, and Itelmen, forms the Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family. The Chukchi and Koryaks form a cultural unit with an economy based on reindeer herding, and both have autonomy within the Russian Federation. The ethnonym ''Chukchi'' or ''Chukchee'' is an Anglicized form of the Russian ethnonym (singular ''Chukcha'', plural ''Chukchi''). This came into Russian from ''Čävča'', the term used by the Chukchis' Tungusic-speaking neighbors, itself a rendering of the Chukchi word , which in Chukchi means "a man who is rich in reindeer". The Chukchis' term for themselves is (singular ), "the real people". In the UNESCO Red Book, the language is on the list of endangered languages. ==Scope== Many Chukchis use the language as their primary means of communication both within the family and while engaged in their traditional pastoral economic activity (reindeer herding). The language is also used in media (including radio and TV translations) and some business activities. However, Russian is increasingly used as the primary means of business and administrative communication, in addition to behaving as a lingua franca in territories inhabited by non-Chukchis such as Koryaks and Yakuts. Almost all Chukchis speak Russian, although some have a lesser command than others. Chukchi language is used as a primary language of instruction in elementary school; the rest of secondary education is done in Russian with Chukchi taught as a subject. A Chukchi writer, Yuri Rytkheu (1930–2008), has earned a measure of renown in both Russia and Western Europe, although much of his published work was written in Russian, rather than Chukchi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chukchi language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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